The Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) is a vital structure that stabilizes the knee joint by linking the femur (thigh bone) to the tibia (shin bone) on the inside of the knee. An MCL tear is a common knee injury, generally caused by rapid twisting, impact, or strong knee bending.
The MCL is essential for preventing excessive lateral motion of the knee joint and maintaining stability during movements like walking, jogging, and leaping. An MCL tear occurs when the ligament is subjected to severe stress or strain, causing the fibres to rip partially or completely. This injury is frequently encountered in athletes who participate in sports that demand quick changes in direction or sudden stops, such as soccer, football, and basketball.
Symptoms:
Symptoms of an MCL tear may vary based on severity but often include:
- Pain and discomfort on the inside side of the knee.
- Swelling and stiffness in the knee joint.
- Instability in the knee
- Bruising or discolouration near the knee
- Difficulty supporting weight on the afflicted leg
- The knee has a limited range of motion, particularly when bending or straightening the leg.
Treatment:
Treatment options for MCL tears vary according to severity and may include the following:
- Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation (RICE): Rest, ice packs, compression bandages, and elevation of the injured limb are common first treatments to minimize discomfort and swelling.
- Immobilization: In extreme situations, a knee brace or splint may be used to immobilize the knee to avoid additional injuries.
- Physical therapy exercises and rehabilitation programs assist in strengthening the muscles surrounding the knee joint, increase the range of motion, and restore function.
- Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be used to treat pain and inflammation.
- Surgery may be required to correct severe MCL rips or combination ligament damage.
An MCL rupture is a common knee injury that can severely limit a person’s mobility and quality of life. Understanding the causes, symptoms and treatment options for MCL tears allows patients to manage their disease and aid a full recovery proactively.
